Tips for Avoiding Mosquito Bites

September 1st, 2010

mosquito-biteMosquito-born diseases affect millions of people worldwide each year. The bite of a mosquito can result in anything from a skin irritation to contracting malaria, dengue fever, encephalitis, yellow fever, and many other serious diseases. Clearly, mosquitoes are not just a nuisance, but also a major health hazard, making it vital to know how to avoid getting bitten.

One of the most effective ways to avoid mosquito bites is to wear an effective insect repellent, containing DEET (N,N-diethyl meta-toluamide). It is essentially a poison that masks the natural odour and carbon monoxide that is released from the human body. DEET, when combined with permethrin impregnated clothing and mosquito nets will provide the best protection from getting bitten. Backpackers are advised to travel with their own mosquito nets because hotel and hostel mosquito nets are often damaged, rendering them useless. If you don’t want to travel with a mosquito net you should sleep in rooms that are properly screened with gauze over the windows and doors. There should be no holes in the gauze and no unscreened entry points to the room. Air-conditioned rooms are good, too.

Mosquitoes particularly bite at dusk and during the night, so you should take most precautions during this time. You should wear long, baggy clothing after sunset but it may be hard to follow such advice in a hot climate. Keep as much skin and hair covered as practical. Avoid bright, floral coloured clothing as light colours are less attractive to mosquitoes. Khaki, beige, and olive have no particular attraction for mosquitoes. It would be better to avoid being outdoors altogether during peak biting hours (from dusk until dawn) if you are staying close to where mosquitoes dwell such as swamps and dense forests.

Mosquitoes are also attracted by some body odours, and for this reason they choose some individuals over others in a crowd. Avoid fragrances in soaps, shampoos, and lotions. It is a good idea to take shower before dusk to minimise any body odour.

Coca Cola: Not The Real Thing

September 1st, 2010

not-the-real-thingCoca Cola is one of the most iconic brands of both the 20th and 21st centuries. Promoting itself as the drink of freedom, choice and US patriotism, the company’s feel-good factor is recognised worldwide and reflected in its enormous profits.

But behind this carefully crafted image exists a company accused of environmental damage, human rights violations and questionable business practices.

If you want to find out more a good place to start is political activist and journalist Mark Thomas‘ Dispatches episode on Coca Cola. In this documentary Mark Thomas finds evidence of child labour, meets union workers who have been threatened by death squads in Colombia, visits polluted rivers in El Salvador, and tries to correct the tour guides in the Coke museum about their company’s involvement with Nazi Germany.

The evidence presented in this documentary and other publications (Mark Thomas, Belching Out the Devil: Global Adventures with Coca-Cola, 2008) undermines Coca-Cola’s effervescent image as a force for good and explains why their controversial practices have prompted a global consumer backlash. As Thomas says… “If you’re not pissed off then you’re not paying attention. THIS is the real thing.”

You will see this famous beverage on sale throughout Latin America but you should boycott Coca Cola and its associated products (Sprite, Fanta, Lilt, Dr Pepper, Oasis, etc) in favour of local brands such as ‘Big Cola’ in Mexico. Please note that one of South Americas most iconic brands, Inca Kola, is now 50% owned by the Coca-Cola Company. If you can’t beat them, join them!

The Concept of Time

September 1st, 2010

exploding-clock-daliOne thing you should look out for when travelling is how different cultures have an entirely different concept of time. In the European worldview, time exists outside man, exists objectively, and has measurable and linear characteristics. According to Newton, time is absolute: “Absolute, true, mathematical time of itself and from its own nature, it flows equably and without relation to anything external.” The European feels himself to be time’s slave, dependent on it, subject to it. To exist and function, he must observe its ironclad, inviolate laws, its inflexible principles, and rules. He must heed deadlines, dates, days, and hours. He moves within the rigors of time and cannot exist outside them. They impose upon him their requirements and quotas. An unresolvable conflict exists between man and time, one that always ends with man’s defeat – time annihilates him.

Many people apprehend time differently in the developing world. For them, it is a much looser concept, more open, elastic, subjective. It is man who influences time, its shape, course, and rhythm. Time appears as a result of our actions, and vanishes when we neglect or ignore it. It is something that springs to life under our influence, but falls into a state of hibernation, even nonexistence, if we do not direct our energy toward it. It is a subservient, passive essence, and, most importantly, one dependent on man.

The absolute opposite of time as it is understood in the European worldview. In practical terms this often means a clash of cultures and increased stress levels. If you board a bus in rural Guatemala, it will undoubtedly be a European passenger who starts looking around, squirming, inquiring, “When will the bus leave?” The driver will probably give the passenger a strange look and then reply “the bus will leave when it is full.” Meanwhile, every local person on the bus will be calmly and patiently waiting for the bus to fill. We once went to a afternoon music bash in Ecuador that was scheduled to start at 2pm. On arrival there was no one at the appointed spot but we didn’t need to ask “when will the event start” as we already knew the answer “It will start when people arrive.” On another occasion we agreed to meet a contact in San Jose, Costa Rica, for an late morning meeting about a reforestation project near the Sarapiqui River. He didn’t show up until the early afternoon but we kind of expected it as many Ticos run on what is affectionally known as Tico Time. If you want one further example of how different cultures have an entirely different concept of time let’s pretend we have dropped off one hundred indigenous Peruvians at Düsseldorf Central Station. How many of them do you think would complain if their train was 10 minutes late? Answer, none. How many Germans do you think would complain? It would be different to tell as the station master would be mobbed.

Ten Natural Beauties of Costa Rica

September 1st, 2010

costa-ricaThere are other countries in the world that enjoy divinely inspired natural landscapes, but Costa Rica boasts a higher biodiversity than Europe and the United States combined. Its small size also means that travelling from cloud forest to coastline and from summit to savannah is quick, easy and a matter of course. Here are some of its most natural wonders:

1. Corcovada

Famously labelled by National Geographic as ‘the most biologically intense place on earth,’ this national park is the last great original tract of tropical rainforest in Pacific Central America. The bastion of biological diversity is home to Costa Rica’s largest population of scarlet macaws, as well as countless other endangered species, including Baird’s tapir, the giant anteater and the world’s largest bird of prey, the harpy eagle. Corcovado’s amazing biodiversity has long attracted a devoted stream of visitors who descend from Bahía Drake and Puerto Jiménez to explore the remote location and spy on a wide array of wildlife.

2. Manuel Antonio

One of the country’s original ecotourism destinations, Manuel Antonio practically put Costa Rica on the map for international jet-setters. While the secret has long been let out, capuchin monkeys bounding across a tropical beach remain an arresting sight, as are iguanas, howlers, sloths and squirrel monkeys, which may be the cutest fur balls you have ever seen.

Manuel Antonio is a coconut-filled paradise. The park’s clearly marked trail system winds through rainforest-backed tropical beaches and rocky headlands, and the views across the bay to the pristine outer islands are unforgettable.

3. Arenal

Arenal has been producing menacing ash columns, massive explosions and streamers of glowing molten rock almost daily since 1968. Miraculously, the volcano has retained its picture-perfect conical shape despite constant volcanic activity, though its slopes are now ashen instead of green. In the shadow of Arenal, there’s something for everybody including luxurious hotels, romantic restaurants and Tabacón Hot Springs.

4. Monteverde

This iconic cloud forest was first settled by a community of Quakers who sought to protect their invaluable watershed. Home to such rare fauna as the resplendent quetzal, which is the Maya bird of paradise, Monteverde is partly responsible for Costa Rica’s international fame as an ecotourism hot spot where you can be inspired about the possibilities of organic farming and alternative energy sources.

5. Montezuma

A laid-back, budget beach town with a hippie vibe (locals call it ‘Montefuma’), beautiful beaches, a chill atmosphere and great restaurants. It’s the perfect base for exploring the southern part of the Península de Nicoya.

Up until the late 1990s, a traffic jam in Montezuma was getting off your bike to shoo some cows off the road, Montezuma is still a charming village, and foreign travellers continue to be drawn here by the laid-back atmosphere, cheap hotels and sprawling beaches. And while nothing ever stays the same, Montezuma has managed to hang on to its tranquil appeal.

6. Cahuita and Puerto Viejo de Talamanca

By day, lounge in a hammock, snorkel off uncrowded beaches and visit the remote indigenous territories of the Bribrí and KéköLdi. By night, dip into zesty Caribbean cooking and sway to reggaetón at open-air bars cooled by ocean breezes. Nearby, you’ll find rainforest fruit farms set to a soundtrack of cackling birds and croaking frogs. The villages of Cahuita and Puerto Viejo de Talamanca seem to have it all.

7. Tortuguero

Watch endangered sea turtles practice the millennia-old ritual of building a nest and laying their eggs on wild black-sand shores in this charming Caribbean jungle town. Tortuguero is more than just turtles; it’s thick with wildlife, and you will find sloths and howler monkeys in the treetops, tiny frogs and green iguanas scurrying among buttress roots, and mighty tarpon and endangered manatee swimming in the waters.

8. Jacó

There’s a loyal surfing contingent, resident North American expats and international developers who bill Jacó as the ultimate central Pacific destination and one of the country’s most rapidly developing cities. Truth be told, the surfing is excellent, the restaurants and bars are cosmopolitan, and a skyline of future high-rise apartments and luxury hotels is rapidly being constructed. While it couldn’t be classified as the ‘real’ Costa Rica, it is fun. There may be better surf spots and cleaner beaches, but its bar, restaurant and club scene is the best you will find along the entire Pacific coast.

9. Llanos de Cortés

If you have time to visit only one waterfall in Costa Rica, make it Llanos de Cortés. One of the most dramatic waterfalls in Costa Rica, it cascades into a tranquil pond with a white sandy beach. Scramble behind the falls with your sweetie to reach romantic nooks veiled by curtains of water.

10. Dominical

A permanently chilled-out beach town where time slows down to a crawl, Dominical has a way of forestalling your future plans. But when the surf is crashing and the sun is blazing, few travellers seem to really care.

Last Surviving 1930 World Cup Final Player Passes Away

September 1st, 2010

francisco-varalloArgentine football has been paying tribute to Francisco Varallo, the last survivor from the first World Cup Final in 1930, who has died in his home town of La Plata, aged 100.

Varallo, was inside forward in the Argentina side who lost 4-2 to Uruguay in Montevideo’s Centenario Stadium. In a birthday interview interview last February, he said that Argentina had lost through “a lack of courage” after leading 2-1 at halftime.

Recalling 1930, he added: “I achieved a lot of nice things in my career: I represented the national team and was Boca’s record goalscorer. However, in my whole life I’ve never felt such a bitter pain as losing that World Cup final against Uruguay in 1930. How I cried that day! Even now when I look back it still makes me angry.”

Varallo won the league title with home town club Gimnasia y Esgrima in 1929 during the amateur era before joining Boca Juniors. He won three professional league titles between 1931 and 1936 but was forced to retire through injury aged 30 in 1940. He became a youth coach with Boca and with Gimnasia.

Varallo’s 194 goals for Boca set a record broken only this year by Martin Palermo.

The God Delusion

September 1st, 2010

god-delusionRichard Dawkins, in The God Delusion, tells of his exasperation with colleagues who try to play both sides of the street: looking to science for justification of their religious convictions while evading the most difficult implications – the existence of a prime mover sophisticated enough to create and run the universe, “to say nothing of mind reading millions of humans simultaneously.” Such an entity, he argues, would have to be extremely complex, raising the question of how it came into existence, how it communicates – through spiritons! – and where it resides. Dawkins is frequently dismissed as a bully, but he is only putting theological doctrines to the same kind of scrutiny that any scientific theory must withstand. Dawkins systematically peels away at the onion of blind faith by injecting wisdom through a logical and a rational process. A must read.

Quote of the Month

September 1st, 2010

“All thinking men are atheists.” Ernest Hemingway

Foundation Eco-Volunteer UP (Or Should That Be Down)

August 26th, 2010

thefonzWe received another piece of negative feedback this morning about Foundation Eco-Volunteer UP. A young woman who we won’t name for reasons of privacy has been left high and dry on San Cristobal, Galapagos Islands. We have sent her details of some reputable organizations to find a replacement project at short notice.

Earlier this year we heard from another young lady whose placement had fallen through with Foundation Eco-Volunteer UP. Amazingly this young woman thought she was working through us because of Foundation Eco-Volunteer UP’s web address. As stated previously on this site, this organization made a conscious decision to use an hyphenated form of our domain name (www.volunteer-latinamerica.com) to cash in on our brand. We are in no way affiliated with Foundation Eco-Volunteer UP. This organisation was previously called Urcu Puyujunda and their original web address was www.cloudforestecuador.com.

If you would like to use the services of an in-country placement agency we strongly advise you to give Foundation Eco-Volunteer UP a wide berth. They definitely get the thumbs down from us.

Chilean Miners Told of Rescue Delay

August 26th, 2010

chilean-minersChile said yesterday it would send anti-depressants down a tiny shaft to 33 miners trapped half a mile underground for 20 days, as it told them it will take at least three more months to dig them out.

Health minister Jaime Manalich said the miners had reacted calmly, AFP news agency said. “We were able to tell them… they would not be rescued before the Fiestas Patrias (Chile’s Independence Day on 18 September), and that we hoped to get them out before Christmas,” AFP quoted Mr Manalich as saying.

Although they took the news calmly, he said, “a period of depression, anguish and severe malaise” was possible.

Rescuers are now sending fresh clothes, medicine and games down a 2,300 feet bore hole the diameter of a grapefruit to help keep the men physically and mentally fit for the gruelling wait ahead.

The government has asked NASA and Chile’s submarine fleet for tips on survival in extreme, confined conditions, and are looking to send them space mission-like rations.

Manalich said rescue workers had managed to finish a second narrow bore hole which will be dedicated to channelling drinking water to the miners and keeping communications flowing.

They are also preparing to drill a vertical shaft around 2 feet in diameter to evacuate the miners one by one via a pulley.

“We expect that after the initial euphoria of being found, we will likely see a period of depression and anguish,” the minister said. “We are preparing medication for them. It would be naive to think they can keep their spirits up like this.”

The miners and their relatives are exchanging letters via the shaft, a crucial part of maintaining their mental health.

“You have no idea how much my soul ached to have been underground and unable to tell you I was alive,” trapped miner Edison Pena said in a letter to his family. “The hardest thing is not being able to see you.”

Fellow miner Esteban Rojas promised his wife he would finally buy her a wedding dress as soon as he gets out, and hold a church marriage ceremony, 25 years after they wed in a registry office.

Officials are vetting letters sent by relatives, to avoid any shocks. Some disagree with the method.

“It’s very important for the miners’ mental health that they communicate openly with their families, and without filters, either by letter or by phone,” said Claudio Barrales, a psychologist at the Universidad Central in Santiago.

Trapped miners’ relatives, who have been living in plastic tents at the mine head in a makeshift settlement dubbed Camp Hope, are gradually returning to their normal lives, but some are drawing up rosters to take turns being at the mine.

The miners have lost around 22 pounds each after having survived on half a glass of milk and two mouthfuls of canned tuna every 48 hours until supplies ran out.

The men sent samples of water from underground tanks that have helped them to survive to the surface for testing, and rescuers are sending down fortified mineral water.

The miners are in remarkable health, and have stripped off their shirts to cope with the heat.

Officials are looking for ways to help ease psychological pressure and plan to set up special lighting in the tunnel to mimic night and day, with dull red lights to help the miners sleep. They are also going to send down games like cards.

Until now, the miners have used vehicle batteries to power lights and charge their helmet lamps.

Two small tremors shook northern Chile early on Wednesday, but witnesses at the mine head said they did not feel them at ground level. It was unclear if the miners, who are 4.5 miles inside the winding mine, were jolted.

The nation is still recovering from a devastating quake on 27 February – one of the biggest ever recorded – and ensuing tsunamis, which killed more than 500 people and ravaged cities, roads and industries in south central Chile.

The accident in the small gold and copper mine has turned a spotlight on mine safety in Chile, the world’s No. 1 copper producer, although accidents are rare at major mines. The incident is not seen having a significant impact on output.

President Sebastian Pinera has fired officials of Chile’s mining regulator and vowed to overhaul the agency.

Analysts say the feel-good factor of finding the miners alive, coupled with the government’s hands-on approach, could help Pinera as he tries to push through changes to mining royalties that the centre-left opposition had shot down.

Belize Celebrations (September)

August 26th, 2010

belizecelebrationsThe month of September is a jovial time in which Belize commemorates two important national holidays: The Battle of St. George’s Caye (10th September) and Independence Day (21st September). Three weeks of countrywide activities and events celebrating the nation’s people, history, and culture. These include Carnival street parades, Queen of the Bay Pageant, flag raising and official ceremonies, fireworks displays, citizens parade, cultural shows, and the Belize Chamber of Commerce & Industry’s Expo Belize Trade Show.

To find out more about this festival click on September Celebrations for the most up-to date information and events.