Many of you will be aware of the issue of so called ‘Blood Diamonds,’ partly due to Leonardo DeCaprio’s fine film. These are stones that were mined in a conflict zone and sold in order to fund a war or an insurgency or to support a warlord’s activities. Few people would like to think that the diamond they wear on their finger as a token of love has actually helped to fund the atrocities of wars that we hear about every day in the international news.
Sadly, less is known about another ethical issue related to the jewellery trade and investment market, namely, the environmental impact of mining and processing precious metals. Ten of thousands of gold miners (small-scale miners and mining transnationals) are wreaking havoc on Latin America’s rainforests and its inhabitants because of their destructive mining techniques. Mining activities cause deforestation and irreversible damage to the ecosystem. There is also the accompanying regional pollution by mercury. Mercury has been found in unsafe quantities in the livers of Amazonian fish which are consumed by indigenous Indian populations and other people. Furthermore, the effects of gold mining threaten the survival of one of the most dominant predators in Latin America – the giant river otter. We should also mention the effect mercury pollution could be having on dolphins, the manatee, the capybara, the anaconda, caiman, river turtles and numerous species of birds. Even without considering mercury pollution, gold mining frequently encroaches on lands legally belonging to indigenous tribes, creating conflict and sometimes violence between miners and Indians.
We are limited in what we can do to minimise this impact but as consumers we do have the power to decrease demand. If you are still determined to buy your loved one a gold ring this Christmas please try and source gold that has been recycled within the trade.
We encourage you to read Brook Larmer’s excellent article “The Real Price of Gold’ on the National Geographic website.